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Jurnal Syntax Transformation |
Vol. 3 No. 11 November 2022 |
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p-ISSN
: 2722-7782 e-ISSN : 2722-5356 |
Social
Science |
THE EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE ON DESIRE TO
CHANGE JOBS: ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR (OCB) AS A VARIABLE
Muhammad
Afif Setiawan, Majang Palupi
Faculty of Business and Economics, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta
Email: [email protected],
[email protected]
|
ARTICLE INFO |
ABSTRACT |
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Received 26 October 2022 Revised 22 November 2022 Published 25 November 2022 |
Human
resource management is an important task that must be performed on an ongoing
basis. Part of the reason is that human resources are fundamental to driving
business growth. This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of
organizational justice on the desire to change jobs mediated by
Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). The study was conducted on
employees of a manufacturing company located in Cikarang,
Bekasi Regency with a total sample of 59
respondents. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires with a Likert Scale of 1-6. Data analysis using quantitative
method PLS-SEM (Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling) with the
help of Smart PLS software. The results showed that procedural justice had a
negative and significant effect on the desire to change jobs. Interactional
justice has a positive and significant effect on the desire to change jobs.
Distributive justice and procedural justice both have a positive and
significant effect on OCB, but not on interactional justice which shows a
positive and insignificant effect on OCB. OCB has a negative and significant
effect on the desire to change jobs. OCB also proved unable to mediate the
relationship of the three dimensions of organizational justice (distributive
justice, procedural justice and interactional justice) to the desire to
change jobs. |
|
Keywords: Distributive Justice, Procedural Justice, Interractional Justice,
Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), Turnover Intention. |
Introduction
Managing human resources is an important task that must be carried out
on an ongoing basis. The reason is partly because human resources are a vital
element that can drive organizational growth (Kee
& Chung, 2021). One of the important obstacles for organizations is when the company
has to lose its best employees or when the company has a high turnover rate.
Especially in this increasingly competitive era, the company's urgency to
retain talented employees is greater. The goal is to maintain competitive
advantage and increase profits (Sahi
& Mahajan, 2014). More than that, turnover also incurs significant losses for the
company.
(Davidson
et al., 2010) divide the costs due to turnover into tangible and intangible costs.
Among the forms of tangible costs such as recruitment, training, induction,
skill development and employee skills and their quality (Tracey & Hinkin, 2006).
There are also intangible costs or hidden costs associated with the loss of
skilled labor, namely the emergence of inefficiencies and turnover costs (Lashley
& Chaplain, 1999); (Davidson et al., 2010).
When the turnover rate is high, one of the impacts is on service quality which
is likely to decline (Lynn, 2002);
(Davidson et al., 2010).
For this reason, it is important for companies to anticipate employee turnover.
There is a real-time predictor of actual turnover, namely the intention or
desire to move, identifying it can provide an opportunity for the organization
to immediately make improvements (Perryer
et al., 2010).
Many studies have revealed a negative relationship between
organizational justice and turnover intention (Cohen-Charash
& Spector, 2001); (J. A. Colquitt et al., 2001).
That is, as stated by (Kee & Chung, 2021)
when employees feel they are being treated unfairly, the tendency of employees
to leave the organization increases. Organizational fairness is the extent to
which employees perceive fairness in workplace procedures, interactions and
outcomes (Greenberg & Colquitt, 2013).
Employees' perceptions of fairness in the organization are determined by the
extent to which employees feel they are valued and treated fairly in return for
employee contributions (Greenberg,
1990); (B. K. Choi et al., 2014).
(Moorman, 1993) divides
organizational justice into three parts, namely distributive justice,
procedural justice and interactional justice. First, distributive justice is an
employee's perception of fairness related to the distribution of results within
the organization (J. A. Colquitt, 2001). Second, procedural justice
concerns fairness in the decision-making process in organizations (Fields et al., 2000). This relates to decision-making
procedures related to wages and the fairness of the work system in general (Khtatbeh et al., 2020). Third, interactional justice
refers to the fairness felt by individuals in their organizational
interpersonal communication. (J. Colquitt & Greenberg, 2005); (Jehanzeb & Mohanty, 2019).
When employees feel
they are being treated fairly by the organization, this will lead to an
increase in civic behavior (OCB: Organizational Citizenship Behavior) (Blakely et al., 2005). OCB is defined as individual
behavior that is independent, not directly or explicitly recognized by the
formal reward system. An employee practices such behavior voluntarily,
optional, not mandatory, and at the discretion of the individual. What is meant
by "policy" is that the behavior is not an enforceable requirement of
a role or job description, that is, a requirement that can be clearly defined
from the person's employment contract with the organization; such behavior is
more a matter of personal choice so that negligence is not generally understood
as a punishment (Organ, 1988). Based on this
conceptualization, Organ (1988) formulated five dimensions of OCB known as
altruism, conscientiousness, decency, sportsmanship, and civic virtue. The
first dimension, altruism, involves a tendency to assist coworkers in solving
work-related problems. The second dimension, awareness, refers to the efforts
made by employees to do what is right and right for the organization. Courtesy
as a third dimension was proposed by (Organ, 1988) and is an employee's behavior to
prevent work-related problems. Fourth, sportsmanship,
refers to the tolerance of employees when experiencing unsatisfactory
conditions at work. The last, civic virtue, is a
behavior that shows a willingness to actively participate in the organization.
Research on the relationship of organizational justice to OCB is shown by
research (Organ & Ryan, 1995) which shows that perceptions of
justice are needed for OCB. Consistent results were also found by (Selamat et al., 2017) which supports a significant and
positive relationship between organizational justice and OCB.
In his research (Coyne & Ong, 2007) also revealed that employees who
have high OCB are more likely to remain loyal and stay in the organization
longer. Similar results were also found by several previous studies which found
a negative correlation between OCB and the desire to move (Chen et al., 1998); (Coyne & Ong, 2007). Whereas when employees have the
desire to move, there are several consequences that are detrimental to the
company such as delays, absenteeism, poor performance and decreased
productivity (Saraih et al., 2017). Based on the studies above, the
researchers decided to use the OCB variable as a mediating variable to examine
and analyze the role of the OCB variable as a mediating variable between
organizational justice variables and the desire to change jobs. The role of OCB
as a mediation is expected to be a novelty in this research model.
With the importance
of the impact of turnover on the company, the desire of employees to move
remains one of the main topics of interest to be discussed by researchers,
scholars and practitioners (Memon et al., 2017). In the academic literature,
turnover intention has been commonly used as a measure of anticipated job change
(Bigliardi et al., 2005); (Memon et al., 2017). The desire to move (turnover
intention) is described by (Price, 2001) as an individual's willingness
to resign from an organization voluntarily and permanently. The intended
turnover intention tends to reflect the employee's desire to leave the
organization in the near future (Zhao et al., 2007); (Saraih et al., 2017). Desire to switch can be
measured using a three-item scale developed by (Konovsky, 2000). This includes items such as
frequently thinking aabout quitting a job at this organization, if possible, wanting to get a new job and
likely looking for work outside this organization over the next year.
This study was
conducted based on previous studies related to organizational justice
variables, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and the desire to move.
Here are some previous studies related to this research:
1.
Yang
(2021)
In
a study entitled "Occupational stress, distributive justice and turnover
intention among public hospital nurses in China: A cross-sectional study"
conducted by (Yang et al., 2021). This study aims to examine the
mediating role of distributive justice on the relationship between job stress
and turnover intention, and the role of regionalism in moderating the
relationship between distributive justice and turnover intention. The research
method used in this study is quantitative with data collection through a
questionnaire survey to 718 respondents who are nurses in Chinese public
hospitals.
The
results of this study indicate that there is an inverse correlation between
challenge stress and intention to move, while hindrance stress is significantly
correlated with intention to move. In addition, there is an inverse correlation
between distributive justice and turnover intention. The role of the region
also has a moderating effect on the relationship between distributive justice
and the desire to move.
The
similarity of this research with the research that will be conducted by the
author lies in the variables of distributive justice and the desire to move.
The difference between this research and the research that will be conducted by
the author is that in this study, the distributive justice variable is placed
as the mediating variable and the variable of desire to move as the dependent
variable. The research that will be carried out by the author places the
distributive justice variable as the independent variable, the desire to move
as the dependent variable and OCB as the mediating variable.
2.
Taghrid
S. Suifan, Hannah Diab, Ayman Bahjat Abdallah
(2017)
In a
study entitled �Does organizational justice affect turnover intention in a
developing country? The mediating role of job satisfaction and organizational
commitment� conducted by (Suifan et al., 2017). The purpose of this study was
to investigate the effect of organizational justice on turnover intention
through the mediating effect of organizational commitment and job satisfaction.
This study uses a quantitative method with data collection through a survey in
the form of a questionnaire to 323 aviation industry employees who work for
airlines operating in Jordan. To test the hypothesis, multiple regression
analysis was performed.
The
results confirm that both organizational commitment and job satisfaction have a
mediating effect on the relationship between organizational justice and
turnover intention. Meanwhile, job satisfaction fully mediates the
relationship, while organizational commitment only has a partial mediating
effect. From this study it can also be concluded that organizational justice
has a significant negative effect on the desire to move.
The
similarity of this research with the research that will be conducted by the
author lies in the variables of distributive justice and the desire to move.
While the difference lies in the other variables and the selected research
object.
3.
Hanna
Choi and Sujin Shin (2022)
In a
study entitled "The Factors That Affect Turnover Intention According to
Clinical Experience: A Focus on Organizational Justice and Nursing Core
Competency" conducted by (H. Choi & Shin, 2022). The purpose of this study was
to investigate organizational justice and nursing core competency as factors
that influence the desire to move. The method used in this study is a
quantitative method, with the object of research being 153 nurses who work in
tertiary hospitals and general hospitals throughout South Korea.
The
results of this study showed that for nurses with less than 3 years of clinical
experience, lower distributive justice scores (β = -0.47, p < 0.001)
were associated with higher turnover intentions. Among nurses with 3 to 6 years
of clinical experience, lower interactional justice scores (β = -0.37, p =
0.042) and high core nursing competencies (β = 0.31, p = 0.034) were
associated with switching intentions. tall one. Regarding the relationship of organizational justice to the desire
to move, in more detail this study reveals that distributive justice has a
significant negative effect on the desire of employees to move.
Procedural justice and interactional justice also have a negative but not
significant effect on the desire to move.
The
similarity of this research with the research that will be conducted by the
author lies in the variables of distributive justice, procedural justice,
interactional justice and turnover intention. While the difference lies in the
selected research object.
Table 1.
Journal Review The Effect of Distributive Justice on
Desire to Change Jobs
|
No. |
Researcher/Title Research/Object Study |
Methods & Tools Analysis/Variable Study |
Results |
|
1 |
Tianan Yang, Xuan Jin, Hubin Shi, Yexin Liu, Yuangeng Guo, Yongchuang Gao, Jianwei Deng (2021) Occupational stress, distributive justice and
turnover intention among public hospital nurses in China: A cross-sectional
study� 718 respondents who are nurses in Chinese public hospitals Applied Nursing Research Vol. 61 No. 151481, 2021 |
Quantitative analysis Independent : Distributive Justice (Niehoff & Moorman,
1993) Intervening : Desire to Move (Singh et al., 1996) |
The results of this study confirm that there is an inverse correlation
between challenge stress and intention to move, while hindrance stress is
significantly correlated with intention to move. In addition, there is an
inverse correlation between distributive justice and turnover intention. The
role of the region also has a moderating effect on the relationship between
distributive justice and the desire to move. |
|
2 |
Taghrid S. Suifan,
Hannah Diab, Ayman Bahjat Abdallah (2017) Does organizational justice affect turnover intention in a developing
country? The mediating role of job satisfaction and organizational commitment 323 aviation industry employees working for airlines operating in
Jordan Journal of Management Development Vol. 36 No. 9, 2017 |
Quantitative analysis Independent : Distributive Justice (Niehoff & Moorman,
1993) Dependent : Desire to Move (Cammann et al.,
1979) |
This study confirms that organizational commitment and job
satisfaction have a mediating effect on the relationship between
organizational justice and turnover intention. Meanwhile, job satisfaction
fully mediates the relationship, while organizational commitment only has a
partial mediating effect. From this study it can also be concluded that
organizational justice has a significant negative effect on the desire to
move. |
|
3 |
Hanna Choi dan Sujin
Shin (2022) The Factors That Affect Turnover Intention According to Clinical Experience: A Focus on Organizational Justice and Nursing Core Competency 153 nurses working in tertiary and general hospitals across South
Korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and
Public Health Vol. 19, No. 6 |
Quantitative analysis Independent : Distributive Justice (Moorman, 1991) Dependent : Desire to Move (Yeun dan Kim,
2017) |
The results of this study indicate that there is a significant
negative effect of distributive justice on the desire to move. Procedural
justice and interactional justice also have a negative but not significant
effect on the desire to move. Nurses with 3 to 6 years of clinical experience
had lower interactional justice scores and high core nursing competencies
were associated with higher turnover intentions. |
The purpose of this
study was to examine and analyze the impact of assignment fairness on
willingness to change jobs, the impact of procedural justice on willingness to
change jobs, and the impact of interactive fairness on willingness to change
jobs. Examination and analysis of the impact of fair distribution of justice on
OCB Examination and analysis of the impact of procedural justice on OCB
Examination and analysis of the impact of interaction fairness on OCB Assessing
and analyzing the impact of interactive justice on OCB mediator's willingness
to change jobs.
With this research,
the company gains insight regarding employees' perceptions of perceived
organizational justice, OCB levels and how much employees want to move. The data
can then be used as evaluation material in the preparation of future company
strategies and policies. It is also hoped that this research can be a
consideration for companies to encourage the creation of justice in
organizations which can increase OCB and reduce the desire to change jobs.
Methods
In this study, the authors chose to use a quantitative
approach. A quantitative study will test certain theories by examining the
relationship between variables. According to (Creswell & Creswell, 2017) quantitative research is a means to
test objective theory by examining the relationship between variables. A
variable usually has an instrument by which it can be measured and analyzed
using statistical procedures.
This research was conducted at PT Kayaba Indonesia, which is
located in the MM2100 Industrial Estate Cikarang
Barat, Bekasi Regency. The population
in this study were employees of PT Kayaba Indonesia, amounting to 2450
people. From the population, the researcher took a number of samples to be
studied. In this study, the sample taken amounted to 59
people. This study has 5 variables, so the minimum number of samples is
5x10 = 50 samples. The final number of samples collected was 59 people. This
amount also meets the minimum requirements for the analytical tool used by
researchers (Smart PLS), this is based on research conducted by (Chin, 2000) which states that the minimum number of samples for Smart
PLS is 30.
In this study, primary data was collected through
questionnaires and interviews with company representatives. Research
questionnaires were distributed to respondents who are employees of PT Kayaba
Indonesia. The data collected through interviews is the company profile, while
the data obtained through the questionnaire is the respondent's self-identity
and the respondent's perception of the variables to be studied.
Secondary data in this study includes a number of data
sourced from relevant documents within the organization as well as those listed
on the company's website. The data is used as supporting data in accordance
with the variables to be studied.
In this study, the authors used data collection techniques
through questionnaires distributed to permanent employees of PT Kayaba
Indonesia. The questionnaire consists of a number of questions accompanied by
instructions. Questionnaires are generally used to collect quantitative data.
This study uses measurements with a Likert Scale. The
Likert scale will explain whether or not someone
agrees with a statement. In this study, the authors used a Likert
scale with intervals of 1-6. The Likert Scale score
settings are as follows:
Table 2. Likert scale
|
Answer |
Score |
|
Strongly Agree (SA) |
6 |
|
Agree (A) |
5 |
|
Simply Agree (SiA) |
4 |
|
Disagree (D) |
3 |
|
Disagree (D) |
2 |
|
Strongly Disagree (SD) |
1 |
Results and Discussion
This research uses the research object of the manufacturing
company PT Kayaba Indonesia. The number of samples used amounted to 59 people.
The analytical tool used to test and process is Smart PLS Version 3.0.
A. Descriptive Analysis of Research Respondents
1.
Characteristics
by Gender
Based on the results of the study, it
can be described the characteristics of the respondents based on the gender of
the respondents as shown in table 3. It can be seen that most of the
respondents were male, namely 46 people or 77.96% of the total number of
respondents.
Table 3. Gender
|
Category |
Frequency |
Percentage |
|
Man |
46 |
77,96% |
|
Woman |
13 |
22,04% |
|
Total |
59 |
100% |
This also illustrates the condition
of the employee population of PT Kayaba Indonesia itself, which is more
dominated by male employees. Men have a tendency to pay more attention to
abstract values of justice, while women will pay more attention to relationships
(Lee et al., 2000). Women were also found to have less
attention to procedural justice (Farh et al., 1997). So in general, men should be more
appropriate and capable when asked to assess justice in organizations because
they are more sensitive to justice issues.
2.
Characteristics
Based on Respondent Age
Based on the research data, the
characteristics of the respondents based on the age of the respondents can be
described as follows:
Table 4. Age of Respondents
|
Category |
Frequency |
Percentage |
|
21-30 years old |
12 |
20,34% |
|
31-40
years old |
21 |
35,59% |
|
41-55
years old |
26 |
44,07% |
|
Total |
59 |
100% |
Based on table 4. it can be
seen that most of the respondents are aged 41-55 years, namely as many as 26
people or 44.07% of the total respondents. Based on research conducted by (Samani et al., 2019) the older a worker is, the higher
the potential for suffering from work stress. In addition, older workers also
tend to have poorer health conditions compared to younger workers. Both of
these, work stress and health factors can trigger older workers to resign or
apply for early retirement.
3.
Characteristics
Based on Last Education
Based on the results of the study, it
can be described the characteristics of respondents based on their last
education, namely as follows:
Table 5. Respondent's Last Education
|
Category |
Frequency |
Percentage |
|
Senior High School |
5 |
8,48% |
|
Diploma/Bachelor |
29 |
49,15% |
|
Bachelor degree) |
25 |
42,37% |
|
Total |
59 |
100% |
Based on table 5. it can be
seen that most of the respondents took higher education, with the percentage of
respondents with the latest education being Diploma/Bachelor's degree 49.15%
and Bachelor (S1) 42.37%. The level of education has an influence on the drive
to make a turnover. (Maier, 1965) has
discussed the influence of intelligence on turnover. It is said that employee
retention will be obtained when the level of education and position is
appropriate. On the other hand, if there is a discrepancy with what is
expected, it will affect a high turnover rate.
4.
Characteristics
of Respondents Based on Length of Work
Based on the results of the study, it
can be described the characteristics of the respondents based on the length of
work, namely as follows:
Table 6. Respondents' Length of Work
|
Category |
Frequency |
Percentage |
|
< 3 years |
4 |
6,78% |
|
3-5 years |
9 |
15,25% |
|
6-10 years |
4 |
6,78% |
|
> 10 years |
42 |
71,19% |
|
Total |
59 |
100% |
Based on table 6. it can be
seen that the majority of respondents have worked more than 10 years (71.19%).
This also means that the respondents in this study are parties who have been in
the organization for a long time. The old employees should have a very good
understanding of the working conditions and environment, so that they have the
capacity to assess the extent to which fairness practices have been implemented
in the organization. Employees who have worked for a long time also have a
greater concern for the company than employees who have not worked for a long
time. So it is more likely to behave OCB.
To make it easier for readers to
understand the characteristics of respondents, table 4.5 has presented a
recapitulation of the characteristics of the dominant respondents. It can be
seen that the characteristics of the respondents of PT Kayaba Indonesia in this
study are mostly male, aged 41-55 years, have the latest educational background
Diploma/Bachelor's Degree and have worked at PT Kayaba Indonesia for more than
10 years.
Table 7. Results of the Recapitulation of Respondents' Dominant Characteristics
|
Characteristics |
Dominant Characteristics |
Frequency |
Percentage |
|
Gender |
Man |
46 people |
77,96% |
|
Age |
41-55 years old |
26 people |
44,07% |
|
last education |
Diploma/Bachelor |
29 people |
49,15% |
|
Length of work |
> 10 years |
42 people |
71,19% |
B. Descriptive Analysis of Research Variables
Descriptive analysis serves to
determine the score of the answers to each question for each variable in this
study. To describe the answer to the variable, it can be shown the average
value of the variable. By knowing the average value, the perception of respondents
(employees) of PT Kayaba Indonesia will later be seen. Referring to the minimum
value and maximum value, the assessment interval can be determined as follows:
Minimum score = 1
Maximum score = 6
Interval = Maximum score �
Minimum score = 6 -1�� = 0,83
��� ��Number of classes������������ ������6
�
Based on the above
calculations, the following are the categories of each interval, namely:
Table 8. Category Interval
|
Interval |
Category |
|
1,00 � 1,82 |
Very
low |
|
1,83 � 2,65 |
Low |
|
2,66 � 3,48 |
Not
high enough |
|
3,49 � 4,31 |
Currently |
|
4,32 � 5,14 |
Tall |
|
5,15 � 6,00 |
Very
high |
Source: Primary Data
Processed 2022 & Pimentel (2019)
1. Results of Descriptive
Analysis of Distributive Justice Variables
The following will show the
respondent's assessment of distributive justice at PT Kayaba Indonesia
Table 9. Descriptive Analysis of Distributive Justice Variables
|
Code |
Statement |
Mean |
Information |
|
X.1.1 |
I receive fair
compensation according to the magnitude of my responsibility to PT Kayaba
Indonesia |
4.68 |
High |
|
X.1.2 |
I receive fair rewards
according to my education level |
4.59 |
High |
|
X.1.3 |
I receive a fair reward
commensurate with the effort I have put into PT Kayaba Indonesia |
4.69 |
High |
|
X.1.4 |
I get fair rewards
according to the level of stress and tension I feel during work |
4.41 |
High |
|
X.1.5 |
I get a fair reward
from PT Kayaba Indonesia when I fulfill my responsibilities |
4.54 |
High |
Based on table 9. it
can be seen that the assessment response to the distributive justice variable
(X1) has an average score of 4.58 which is included in the high criteria
category. This shows that the majority of employees who are respondents think
that the implementation of distributive justice at PT Kayaba Indonesia is good.
2. Results of Descriptive
Analysis of Procedural Justice Variables
The following will show the
respondent's assessment of procedural justice at PT Kayaba Indonesia.
Table 10. Descriptive Analysis of Procedural Justice Variables
|
Code |
Statement |
Mean |
Information |
|
X21 |
My
boss is neutral in decision making |
4.74 |
High |
|
X22 |
My boss listens to
other people's opinions before making a decision |
4.74 |
High |
|
X23 |
My supervisor collects
appropriate information related to the topic for decision making |
5.12 |
High |
|
X24 |
My supervisor provides
me with additional information when needed |
5.12 |
High |
|
X25 |
My boss applies
decisions to all employees consistently |
4.81 |
High |
|
X26 |
I have the right to
refuse or accept the decision |
4.39 |
High |
Based on table 10, it can
be seen that the assessment response to the procedural justice variable (X2)
has an average score of 4.82 which is included in the high criteria category.
This shows that the employee's assessment of procedural fairness at PT Kayaba
Indonesia is good.
3. Results of Descriptive
Analysis of Interactional Justice Variables
The following will show the
assessment of a number of employees of PT Kayaba Indonesia who became
respondents in this study on the variable items of interactional justice
Table 11. Descriptive Analysis
of Interactional Justice Variables
|
Code |
Statement |
Mean |
Information |
|
X31 |
My boss is polite and
cares about decisions about my job |
5,08 |
High |
|
X32 |
My boss respects and is
careful about decisions about my job |
5,05 |
High |
|
X33 |
My boss is sensitive to
my personal needs when making decisions about my job |
4,47 |
High |
|
X34 |
My boss is sincere in
making decisions about my work |
4,88 |
High |
|
X35 |
My boss prioritizes my
personal rights in making decisions about my job |
3,85 |
Medium |
|
X36 |
My boss tells me the
impact of decisions about my job |
4,68 |
High |
|
X37 |
My supervisor provides
explanations for decisions related to my work |
5,03 |
High |
|
X38 |
My boss provides
logical explanations for decisions I make about my job |
4,83 |
High |
|
X39 |
My supervisor provides
clear explanations for decisions related to my work |
4,74 |
High |
Based on table 11. it
can be seen that the assessment response to the interactional justice variable
(X3) has an average score of 4.73 which is included in the high criteria
category. This shows that the employee's assessment of interactional justice e at PT Kayaba Indonesia is good.
4. Results of Descriptive
Analysis of Variable Desire to Change Jobs
The following will show the
assessment of a number of employees of PT Kayaba Indonesia who became
respondents in this study on the variable items of Desire to Change Jobs.
Table 12. Analysis of the Influence of the Variable Desire to Change Jobs
|
Kode |
Statement |
Mean |
Information |
|
Y1 |
I often think about
quitting my job at PT Kayaba Indonesia |
2,85 |
Not high enough |
|
Y2 |
If possible, I would
like to get a new job |
3,20 |
Not high enough |
|
Y3 |
Most likely I will look
for a job outside of PT Kayaba Indonesia next year |
2,25 |
Low |
Based on table 12. it
can be seen that the assessment response to the variable of Desire to Change
Jobs (Z) has an average score of 2.77 which is included in the less high
criteria category. This shows that the majority of respondents have a low
desire to move from PT Kayaba Indonesia.
5. Results of Descriptive
Analysis of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) Variables
The following will show the
assessment of a number of employees of PT Kayaba Indonesia who became
respondents in this study on variable items from OCB.
Table 13. Analysis of the Effect of OCB Variables
|
Code |
Statement |
Mean |
Information |
|
Z1 |
My attendance at work
exceeds my normal working hours |
4,30 |
High |
|
Z2 |
I didn't take advantage
of the extra time the company gave me |
3,51 |
Currently |
|
Z3 |
I obey company rules
and policies even when no one is watching |
5,27 |
Very
high |
|
Z4 |
I feel like the most
conscientious employee |
4,22 |
Currently |
|
Z5 |
I believe the
compensation I receive will be commensurate with the contribution I make to
the company |
4,47 |
High |
|
Z6 |
I spend a lot of time
complaining about trivial things. |
5,07 |
High |
|
Z7 |
I always focus on
what's wrong, rather than the positives. |
4,41 |
High |
|
Z8 |
I always exaggerate the
problems that exist |
5,24 |
Very
high |
|
Z9 |
I always find fault
with what the organization does |
3,98 |
Currently |
|
Z10 |
I complain to get
attention or help |
4,97 |
High |
|
Z11 |
I attend a meeting that
is not mandatory, but is considered important. |
3,76 |
Currently |
|
Z12 |
I attend functions that
are not required, but help the company's image. |
3,90 |
Currently |
|
Z13 |
I follow changes that
occur in the organization. |
5,10 |
High |
|
Z14 |
I read and follow
announcements, memos and various organizational information. |
4,90 |
High |
|
Z15 |
I take steps to try to
prevent problems with other employees. |
5,12 |
High |
|
Z16 |
I am aware that my
behavior affects the work of others. |
5,14 |
High |
|
Z17 |
I do not abuse what is
rightfully someone else's. |
5,54 |
Very
high |
|
Z18 |
I try to avoid creating
problems for my coworkers. |
5,29 |
Very
high |
|
Z19 |
I consider the impact
my actions have on my co-workers. |
5,30 |
Very
high |
|
Z20 |
I help my co-workers
who still can't come to work |
4,85 |
High |
|
Z21 |
I help my co-workers
who have a heavy workload. |
4,59 |
High |
|
Z22 |
I help with the
orientation of new employees even though it is not requested by the company. |
4,68 |
High |
|
Z23 |
I am willing to help coworkers
who have work-related problems. |
5,05 |
High |
|
Z24 |
I am always ready to lend a helping hand to my
co-workers. |
5,10 |
High |
Based on table 13, it can
be seen that the assessment response to the Organizational Citizenship Behavior
(Z) variable has an average score of 2.77 which is included in the category of
less high criteria. This shows that the majority of employees who are respondents
have a low desire to move from PT Kayaba Indonesia. To make it easier to
understand the survey results regarding the descriptive characteristics of the
research variables, it can be seen in the table below:
Table 14. Variable Recapitulation
|
Code |
Variable |
Mean |
Information |
|
X1 |
Distributive
Justice |
4.58 |
High |
|
X2 |
Procedural
Justice |
4.82 |
High |
|
X3 |
Interactional
Justice |
4.73 |
High |
|
Y |
Desire
to Change Jobs |
2.77 |
Not high enough |
|
Z |
Organizational
Citizenship Behavior (OCB) |
4.74 |
High |
C. Testing the Measurement Model (Outer Model)
1. Validity test
This study uses two
validity tests, namely the convergent validity test and the discriminant
validity test. In the discriminant validity test, the values of Fornell lacker and cross loading
are seen.
a. Convergent Validity
Convergent validity or
convergent validity test serves to determine the validity of a relationship
between indicators and latent variables. In the convergent validity test, there
are two things that need to be considered, namely the loading factor and the
average variance extracted (AVE).
1) Loading factor
An indicator is said to be
good or convergently valid if it has a loading factor
value > 0.7. For this reason, indicators that do not meet these criteria are
excluded from the analysis.
Table 15. Value of Loading Factor/Outer Loading
|
Variable |
Kode |
Loading Factor |
|
Distributive
Justice |
X11 |
0,939 |
|
X12 |
0,889 |
|
|
X13 |
0,951 |
|
|
X14 |
0,893 |
|
|
X15 |
0,927 |
|
|
Procedural
Justice |
X21 |
0,814 |
|
X22 |
0,821 |
|
|
X25 |
0,753 |
|
|
Interactional
Justice |
X33 |
0,810 |
|
X36 |
0,901 |
|
|
X38 |
0,921 |
|
|
X39 |
0,958 |
|
|
Organizational
Citizenship Behavior (OCB) |
Y5 |
0,780 |
|
Y9 |
0,778 |
|
|
Y10 |
0,829 |
|
|
Desire to Change Jobs |
Z1 |
0,831 |
|
Z2 |
0,818 |
|
|
Z3 |
0,884 |
Figure 1. Construct Validity
Analysis Results
2) Average Variance Extracted
(AVE)
In the discriminant
validity test, it can also be known through the average variance extracted
(AVE) value. Each variable is required to have an AVE value of more than 0.5
(> 0.5) for a good model. From table 4.14 below, it can be seen that the
Average Variance Extracted (AVE) value of all variables is > 0.5. Therefore,
it can be concluded that the variables in this study are valid.
Tabel 16. Average Variance
Extracted (AVE)
|
Variabel |
AVE |
|
Distributive Justice |
0,846 |
|
Procedural Justice |
0,634 |
|
Interractional Justice |
0,808 |
|
Turnover Intention |
0,714 |
|
Organizational
Citizenship Behavior |
0,634 |
b. Discriminant Validity
The second validity test
uses Discriminant Validity. Discriminant validity can be seen through the Fornell lacker value and cross
loading.
1) Fornell Lacker
The model is said to have
sufficient discriminant validity if the value of the variable with the variable
itself is greater than the variable with other variables.
Table 17. Fornell
Lacker Criterion
|
Distributive Justice |
Procedural Justice |
Interactional Justice |
OCB |
Desire to Change Jobs |
|
|
Distributive Justice |
0.920 |
||||
|
Procedural Justice |
0.205 |
0.797 |
|||
|
Interactional Justice |
0.653 |
0.523 |
0.899 |
||
|
OCB |
-0.193 |
-0.411 |
-0.020 |
0.845 |
|
|
Desire to Change Jobs |
0.771 |
0.372 |
0.608 |
-0.465 |
0.796 |
2) Cross loading
Further validity testing
using Discriminant Validity can be seen from the cross loading value.
Standardization used is an indicator that measures a variable must have a
greater correlation than the correlation of indicators with other variables.
Table 18. Cross Loading
|
` |
Distributive Justice |
Procedural Justice |
Interractional Justice |
Turnover Intention |
OCB |
|
DJ1 |
0,938 |
0,127 |
0,559 |
-0,135 |
0,690 |
|
DJ2 |
0,889 |
0,160 |
0,547 |
-0,192 |
0,739 |
|
DJ3 |
0,951 |
0,118 |
0,561 |
-0,182 |
0,704 |
|
DJ4 |
0,893 |
0,363 |
0,661 |
-0,262 |
0,726 |
|
DJ5 |
0,927 |
0,158 |
0,673 |
-0,103 |
0,675 |
|
PJ1 |
-0,095 |
0,814 |
0,125 |
-0,490 |
0,057 |
|
PJ2 |
0,412 |
0,821 |
0,691 |
-0,252 |
0,565 |
|
PJ5 |
0,01 |
0,753 |
0,277 |
-0,246 |
0,072 |
|
IJ3 |
0,479 |
0,489 |
0,810 |
-0,109 |
0,482 |
|
IJ6 |
0,632 |
0,357 |
0,901 |
0,118 |
0,535 |
|
IJ8 |
0,619 |
0,436 |
0,921 |
0,036 |
0,550 |
|
IJ9 |
0,613 |
0,588 |
0,958 |
-0,113 |
0,609 |
|
TI1 |
-0,425 |
-0,425 |
-0,321 |
0,831 |
-0,716 |
|
TI2 |
0,055 |
-0,214 |
0,256 |
0,818 |
-0,117 |
|
TI3 |
-0,042 |
-0,368 |
0,106 |
0,884 |
-0,250 |
|
OCB10 |
0,652 |
0,216 |
0,533 |
-0,233 |
0,829 |
|
OCB5 |
0,651 |
0,490 |
0,666 |
-0,268 |
0,780 |
|
OCB9 |
0,538 |
0,169 |
0,252 |
-0,596 |
0,778 |
2. Reliability test
The construct reliability
test was conducted to prove the accuracy, consistency and accuracy of the
instrument in measuring a construct. From the reliability test, it can be seen
how far a measuring instrument can be trusted or relied upon. In PLS reliability
test can be done by analyzing the value of Cronbach's
Alpha and Composite Reliability.
a. Cronbach's Alpha and Composite
Reliability
Table 19. Cronbach's Alpha and Composite Reliability
|
Variable |
Cronbach�s Alpha |
Rho-A |
Composite |
Average Variance |
|
Distributive Justice |
0.954 |
0.955 |
0.965 |
0.846 |
|
Procedural Justice |
0.741 |
0.788 |
0.839 |
0.634 |
|
Interactional Justice |
0.920 |
0.929 |
0.944 |
0.808 |
|
OCB |
0.802 |
0.815 |
0.882 |
0.714 |
|
Desire to Change Jobs |
0.711 |
0.709 |
0.838 |
0.634 |
In the reliability test, it
can be seen the lower limit of the reliability value of a construct or Cronbach's Alpha, if the Cronbach's
Alpha value > 0.7 then it can be said to be effective or reliable. In
addition, in table 4.X there is also Composite Reliability which measures the
lower limit of the reliability value. Based on table 4.17 it has been proven
that both Cronbach's Alpha and Composite Reliability
have a value > 0.7. Therefore, it can be concluded that the tested variables
are reliable.
D. Structural Model Analysis (Inner Model)
1. R-Square
Table 20. R-Square
|
|
R Square |
Adjusted R Square |
|
Organizational
Citizenship Behavior (OCB) |
0.643 |
0.623 |
|
Desire
to Change Jobs |
0.507 |
0.47 |
Based on the table above,
it can be seen that the R-Square for the OCB variable is 0.643 meaning that the
percentage of OCB can be explained by distributive justice, procedural justice
and interactional justice is 64.3% and the remaining 35.7% is influenced by
other factors outside this study. The R-Square for the variable of desire to
change jobs is 0.507 which means that the percentage of the desire to change
jobs can be explained by distributive justice, procedural justice,
interactional justice and OCB as a mediating variable is 50.7%. The remaining
49.3% is influenced by other factors outside this study.
2. Hypothesis testing
In the hypothesis testing
stage, it can be done by paying attention to the significance of the
relationship between variables.
Figure 2. Inner Model
The level of significance
in hypothesis testing can be seen through the t-statistics generated by the
bootstrapping method in PLS. In this study, a significance value (two-tailed)
of 1.65 is used with a significance level of 10% with the provision that the
t-statistics value must be greater than 1.65.
Table 21. Direct Effect Test
Results
|
|
Original Sample |
Sample Mean |
Standard Deviation |
T Statistics (|O/STDEV|) |
P Values |
|
Distributive Justice -> Willingness to Change
Jobs |
0.014 |
0.038 |
0.221 |
0.063 |
0.950 |
|
Distributive Justice -> OCB |
0.701 |
0.682 |
0.118 |
5.930 |
0.000 |
|
Procedural Justice -> Willingness to Change
Jobs |
-0.497 |
-0.353 |
0.288 |
1.725 |
0.085 |
|
Procedural Justice -> OCB |
0.206 |
0.240 |
0.110 |
1.871 |
0.062 |
|
Interactional Justice -> Willingness to Change
Jobs |
0.646 |
0.504 |
0.244 |
2.646 |
0.008 |
|
Interactional Justice -> OCB |
0.042 |
0.010 |
0.158 |
0.266 |
0.790 |
|
OCB -> Desire to Change Jobs |
-0.648 |
-0.712 |
0.230 |
2.979 |
0.003 |
Table 22. Specific Indirect
Effect Test Results
|
|
Original Sample |
Sample Mean |
Standard Deviation |
T Statistics (|O/STDEV|) |
P Values |
|
Distributive Justice -> OCB -> Willingness
to Change Jobs |
-0.480 |
-0.486 |
0.168 |
2.855 |
0.004 |
|
Procedural Justice -> OCB -> Willingness to
Change Jobs |
-0.029 |
-0.009 |
0.113 |
0.255 |
0.799 |
|
Interactional Justice -> OCB -> Willingness
to Change Jobs |
-0.141 |
-0.170 |
0.098 |
1.439 |
0.151 |
Based on table 21 and table
22, the determination of whether the hypothesis is accepted or rejected is as
follows:
a. Hypothesis Testing 1
Based on the test results
summarized in table 4.20, it can be observed that the results of the path coeficient hypothesis test between distributive justice and
the desire to change jobs have an original sample value of 0.014, t-statistics
of 0.065 < 1.65 and p-value of 0.948 > 0.10. This means that there is a
positive but not significant effect on the relationship of the distributive
justice variable to the desire to change jobs. So it can be concluded that
hypothesis 1 which states that there is a negative effect of distributive
justice on the desire to change jobs is REJECTED.
b. Hypothesis Testing 2
Based on the test results
summarized in table 4.20, it can be observed that the results of the path coeficient hypothesis test between procedural justice and
the desire to change jobs have an original sample value of -0.497, t-statistics
of 1.845 > 1.65 and a p-value of 0.066 < 0, 10. This means that there is
a significant negative effect on the relationship between procedural justice
variables and the desire to change jobs. So it can be concluded that hypothesis
2 which states that there is a negative effect of procedural justice on the
desire to change jobs is ACCEPTED.
c. Hypothesis Testing 3
Based on the test results
summarized in table 4.20, it can be observed that the results of the path coeficient hypothesis test between interactional justice
and the desire to change jobs have an original sample value of 0.646, a
t-statistics value of 2.534 > 1.65 and a p-value of 0.012 < 0, 10. This
means that there is a significant positive effect on the relationship between
interactional justice variables and the desire to change jobs. So it can be
concluded that hypothesis 3 which states that there is a negative effect of
distributive justice on the desire to change jobs is REJECTED.
d. Hypothesis Testing 4
Based on the test results
summarized in table 4.20, it can be observed that the results of the path
coefficient hypothesis test between distributive justice and organizational
citizenship behavior have an original sample value of 0.701, a t-statistics
value of 5.268 > 1.65 and a p-value of 0.000 < 0.10 . This means that
there is a significant positive effect on the relationship between distributive
justice variables and OCB. So it can be concluded that hypothesis 1 which
states that there is a positive influence on the relationship between
distributive justice variables on OCB is ACCEPTED
e. Hypothesis Testing 5
Based on the test results
summarized in table 4.20, it can be observed that the results of the path coeficient hypothesis test between procedural justice and
organizational citizenship behavior have an original sample value of 0.206, a
t-statistics value of 1.760 > 1.65 and a p-value of 0.079 < 0.10. . This
means that there is a significant positive effect on the relationship between
procedural justice variables and OCB. So it can be concluded that hypothesis 1
which states that there is a positive effect of procedural justice on OCB is
ACCEPTED.
f. Hypothesis Testing 6
Based on the test results
summarized in table 4.20, it can be observed that the results of the path coeficient hypothesis test between interactional justice
and organizational citizenship behavior have an original sample value of 0.042,
t-statistics of 0.242 < 1.65 and p-value of 0.809 > 0.10. This means that
there is a positive but not significant effect on the relationship between
interactional justice and OCB. So it can be concluded that hypothesis 6 which
states that there is a positive influence of interactional justice on OCB is
ACCEPTED.
g. Hypothesis Testing 7
Based on the test results
summarized in table 4.20, it can be observed that the results of the path coeficient hypothesis test between organizational
citizenship behavior and the desire to change jobs have an original sample
value of -0.684, a t-statistics value of 3.105 > 1.65 and a p-value of 0.002
< 0.10. This means that there is a significant negative effect on the OCB
relationship on the desire to change jobs. So it can be concluded that
hypothesis 7 which states that there is an effect of OCB on the desire to
change jobs is ACCEPTED.
h. Hypothesis Testing 8
Based on the test results
summarized in table 4.20, it can be observed that the results of the path coeficient hypothesis test between distributive justice and
the desire to change jobs through OCB have an original sample value of -0.480,
a t-statistics value of 2.915 > 1.65 and a p-value of 0.004 < 0.10. This
means that there is a significant positive effect. So it can be concluded that
hypothesis 8 which states that there is a mediating effect of OCB on the
relationship of distributive justice to the desire to change jobs is REJECTED.
i. Hypothesis Testing 9
Based on the test results
summarized in table 4.20, it can be observed that the results of the path coeficient hypothesis test between procedural justice and
the desire to change jobs mediated by OCB has an original sample value of
-0.029, a t-statistics value of 0.229 < 1.65 and a p-value value 0.819 >
0.10. So it can be concluded that hypothesis 9 which states that there is a
mediating effect on the relationship of procedural justice variables to the
desire to change jobs mediated by OCB is REJECTED.
j. Hypothesis Testing 10
Based on the test results
summarized in table 4.20, it can be observed that the results of the path coeficient hypothesis test between interactional justice
and the desire to change jobs mediated by OCB has an original sample value of
-0.141 t-statistics of 1.439 < 1.65 and a p-value of 0.151 > 0.10. So it
can be concluded that hypothesis 9 which states that there is a negative effect
of interactional justice on the desire to change jobs mediated by OCB is
REJECTED.
3. Recapitulation of
Hypothesis Results
The following is a
recapitulation of research results:
Table 23. Recapitulation of
Hypothesis Results
|
Hypothesis |
Information |
|
|
H1 |
There
is a negative effect of distributive justice on the desire to change jobs |
REJECTED |
|
H2 |
There
is a negative effect of procedural justice on the desire to change jobs |
ACCEPTED |
|
H3 |
There is a negative
effect of interactional justice on the desire to change jobs |
REJECTED |
|
H4 |
There is a positive
influence of distributive justice on OCB |
ACCEPTED |
|
H5 |
There
is a positive effect of procedural justice on OCB |
ACCEPTED |
|
H6 |
There
is a positive effect of interactional justice on OCB |
REJECTED |
|
H7 |
There
is a negative effect of OCB on the desire to change jobs |
ACCEPTED |
|
H8 |
OCB
can mediate the effect of distributive justice on the desire to change jobs |
REJECTED |
|
H9 |
OCB
can mediate the effect of procedural justice on the desire to change jobs |
REJECTED |
|
H10 |
OCB
can mediate the effect of interactional justice on the desire to change jobs |
REJECTED |
E. Discussion and Discussion
1. Effect of Distributive
Justice on Desire to Change Jobs
The results showed that the
construct of distributive justice had a positive and insignificant effect on
the desire to change jobs. This result contradicts several previous studies (Yang et al., 2021); (Suifan et al., 2017); (H. Choi & Shin, 2022) which stated that there
was a significant negative effect of distributive justice on the desire to
change jobs. In the descriptive analysis, the respondents' assessment of the
distributive justice variable is in the high category. This means that
employees feel they have been treated fairly in terms of distribution of
results within the company (salaries, promotions, benefits, etc.). However,
even though it has been treated fairly, it does not significantly affect the
employee's desire to move or stay in the company. Therefore, based on this
study, distributive justice is not a predictor of the desire to change jobs.
The results of this study are in line with research (Tourani et al., 2016) which did not find the
effect of distributive justice on the desire to change jobs. The explanation of
the results that distributive justice does not have a significant negative
effect on the desire to change jobs is because the unfair behavior in the
perspective of distributive justice carried out by PT KYBI does not get a
negative or destructive response from employees. This is possible because of
the religious values in employees that are instilled by PT KYBI,
which affect the employee's response to unfair treatment. The perceived
injustice is no longer an obstacle in PT KYBI's employees which then raises the
desire to give retaliation to the perpetrators or the company. These results
are consistent with research conducted by (Palupi, 2019) which is also supported by
a previous study by (Beugre, 2005) which emphasizes that there are many possible responses in the face of
perceived injustice. The study illustrates that perceived injustice and the
resulting anger leads to retaliatory behavior for some but has no effect on
others, mostly based on a person's personal values, goals and ethical
standards.
2. Effect of Procedural
Justice on Desire to Change Jobs
The results showed that the
construct of procedural justice has a negative and significant effect on the
desire to change jobs. These results are in line with previous research
conducted by (Batool & Shah, 2017) which found that
distributive justice was negatively related to the desire to change jobs, as
well as the mediating effect of work motivation on the relationship. This
suggests that if employees working in a company feel there is fairness in the
procedures and distribution of rewards, they may not have the intention to
switch. In this study, it was found that the level of procedural justice at PT
Kayaba Indonesia was high, which led to a decrease in the desire of employees
to change jobs.
3. Effect of Interactional
Justice on Desire to Change Jobs
The results showed that the
construct of interactional justice had a positive and significant effect on the
desire to change jobs. This result contradicts previous research (Kee & Chung, 2021) which states that there is
a positive effect of interactional injustice on the desire to change jobs. The
explanation regarding why interactional justice does not have a significant
negative effect on the desire to change jobs is that it is possible that when
there is unfair treatment by PT KYBI from the point of view of distributive
justice, the reaction caused by PT KYBI employees is not actually returning to
bad behavior towards the company. However, employees will tend to calm down and
forgive the perpetrator, or formally submit a complaint, or not give any
response to the unfair treatment. (Palupi, 2019)
citing (Bies.,
et al. 1997) states that negative psychological reactions do not always lead to
destructive behavior. In fact, conditions often occur where employees find
constructive ways to cool down or cool themselves after feeling injustice. It
is possible that employees will vent their anger on friends or family, or
formally submit a complaint, forgive the perpetrator, or not give any response
to the unfair treatment.
4. Effect of Distributive
Justice on OCB
The results showed that the
distributive justice construct had a positive and significant effect on OCB.
These results are in line with several previous studies (Saifi & Shahzad, 2017); (Raja et al., 2018). In a fair organization,
employees tend to perform better, help others, and be more creative than organizations
that are perceived as unfair. Therefore, managers must be careful in
implementing policies and procedures because injustice in procedures and
distribution of rewards not only has the potential to reduce employee
performance but also reduce OCB and employee creativity (King et al., 2018). In
this study it was found that the level of distributive justice at PT Kayaba
Indonesia was high, it contributed to the increase in employee OCB.
5. Effect of Procedural
Justice on OCB
The results showed that the
construct of procedural justice had a positive and significant effect on OCB.
The high level of procedural fairness at PT Kayaba Indonesia contributes to the
increase in employee OCB. These results are in line with previous research
conducted by (Fiaz et al., 2018) which proves the positive
effect of procedural justice on OCB. Procedural justice means fairness in a
process when the decision is made (Konovsky & Cropanzano,
1991). A procedure is said to be
fair when it has consistency (consistent at all times and people), emphasis on
bias (put aside personal interests), accuracy (availability of accurate
information), correct (allows appeals and complaints), representativeness
(basic concern for all individuals). represented), and ethics (moral and
ethical standards) (Leventhal, 1980).
6. Effect of Interactional
Justice on OCB
The results showed that
interactional justice had a positive but not significant effect on OCB. These
findings contradict the results of previous research conducted by (Farid et al., 2019); (Chan & Lai, 2017) which in their research
revealed a significant positive effect of the three dimensions of
organizational justice (distributive justice, procedural justice and
interactional justice) on OCB. . The explanation of this insignificant result
is that it is possible when PT KYBI employees feel fairness from the
perspective of interactional justice, it only affects
the increase in employee job satisfaction and is not enough to trigger the
employee to do OCB. Because OCB is the result of better working relationships
and a positive and supportive work environment (Maamari & Messarra,
2012); (Jehanzeb & Mohanty,
2019). Jehanzeb
and Mohanty (2019) also got insignificant results in
their research. Employees' perceptions of having fair organizational processes
will encourage job satisfaction (Zeinabadi & Salehi,
2011); (Jehanzeb & Mohanty,
2019) and equality (Supriyanto, 2013). But it doesn't always
encourage employees to do OCB. This result is also consistent with research by (Rezaiean et al., 2010) and (Batool & Shah, 2017).
7. Effect of OCB on Desire to
Change Jobs
The results showed that
there was a significant negative effect of OCB on the desire to change jobs.
Previous research by (Ouakouak et al., 2019); (Rashid et al., 2018) proved similar results
where OCB has a negative and significant relationship to the desire to move. (Ouakouak et al., 2019) in
their research emphasize that organizational recognition of employee
contributions will be reciprocated with high levels of OCB and thus will reduce
employees' intention to leave their organization. This also indicates that
employees who have high levels of OCB are less likely to have the desire to
move.
8. Effect of Distributive
Justice on Desire to Change Jobs through OCB
The results showed that OCB
did not show a role as a mediating variable in the relationship between
distributive justice and the desire to change jobs. This is shown by the
results of the study which were significantly negative. Researchers have not
found a study with a model similar to this study. It is hoped that this
research can be the basis for studies with the same model in the future. From
point 4.5.1 it is also found that the direct relationship between the
distributive justice variable and the desire to change jobs also does not show
a significant negative result. A significant relationship is only obtained from
the partial relationship, namely distributive justice to OCB and OCB to the
desire to change jobs.
9. Effect of Procedural
Justice on Desire to Change Jobs through OCB
The results showed that OCB
did not show a role as a mediating variable in the relationship between
procedural justice and the desire to change jobs. This is shown by the results
of the study which were negative but not significant. Researchers have not found
a study with a model similar to this study. It is hoped that this research can
be the basis for studies with the same model in the future. From point 4.5.2 it
is found that the direct relationship between the procedural justice variable
and the desire to change jobs shows a significantly negative result. However,
the relationship becomes insignificant in the indirect effect (via OCB). A
significant relationship is only obtained from the partial relationship, namely
procedural justice to OCB and OCB to the desire to change jobs.
10. Effect of Interactional
Justice on Desire to Change Jobs through OCB
The results showed that OCB
did not show a role as a mediating variable in the relationship between
interactional justice and the desire to change jobs. This is shown by the
results of the study which were negative but not significant. Researchers have
not found a study with a model similar to this study. It is hoped that this
research can be the basis for studies with the same model in the future. From
point 4.5.3 it is also found that the direct relationship between the
interactional justice variable and the desire to change jobs does not show a
negative result. An insignificant relationship was also obtained from a partial
relationship, namely interactional justice for OCB and OCB on the desire to
change jobs.
Conclussion
OCB of employees has a significantly
negative relationship to the desire of employees to change jobs from PT Kayaba
Indonesia. OCB of employees does not mediate the relationship of distributive
justice to the desire of employees to change jobs at PT Karyaba Indonesia.
Employee OCB does not mediate the relationship of procedural justice to the
employee's desire to change jobs at PT Kayaba Indonesia. OCB of employees does
not mediate the relationship of interactional justice to the desire of
employees to change jobs PT Kayaba Indonesia
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